CBR and Livelihood
By Peter Coleridge


(Second day)
What did I learn yesterday?
Three points of best practice:
   - (M) Good support from the family
   - Education, including life skills
   - Special provision in training
   - (The) Disabled person needs to take initiative to find work
   - Make the business cased disabled people are dependable employees.
   - (Leon) Use Disabled people as role models
   - Build self-confidence through education and training
   - (Ka) Group work with divided responsibilities
   - Link with non-disabled people and issues.
   - (Riina) Focus on the family, so disabled person became asset
   - Aim primary at wage employment
   - Learning by doing and apprenticeships
   - (Nugi) Use project models as well as role models
   - Use vocational training but run by the community
   - Involve company to take part in the employment of disabled persons: emphasis social responsibility
   - (kaoru) DPOs can lobby effectively for employment
   - Have a long-term plan a large vision, but started small
   - Keep motivation
   - (Amy)Plan with disabled people; examine their need for economic empowerment.
   - Analyze the market.
   - (Fifi) Provide opportunities where disabled people can tray out different tasks before launching into the real job market.
   - (Judi) List to the people and don't introduce something which may be inappropriate.
   - Keep economy development as main focus
   - Stress human relationships
   - (Ariyanti) Placement offices are essential to share knowledge with employers.
   - (Lucy) CBR programme should make livelihood a priority.
   - Pay attention to rural urban divide.
   - Recognize people's assets, whether personal or economic ex, land etc…
   - (Emi) Disabled people should advocate for their rights to work
   - Use peer counseling
   - Remove physical barriers;
reasonable accommodations; toilet, ramp, lift etc…
   - Disseminate information in accessible format
   - (Ulema) Good relation in the economy leads to a good business.

1. Recap on self-employment
Types of activity:
   - Trading, production, service
Size of activity
   - Income Generation Activities; selling foods. small shop by house-wife,
   - Small Micro Enterprises: bicycle rental shop, workshop of Braille,
   - SHGs: the group of particular purpose

2. Financial services
   - Saving:
   - Credit: return back money
   - Grant: like donation for solving problem, purposes, etc…
   - Insurance:
(Katarina) Grant for SHG, and SHG set up micro credit as credit; /what is the category…?/

3. Grameen Bank (25 years ago started)
Mr.Muhanmad Yunis, Dakka.
   He realized poverty persons can't receive capital in rural areas.
   5~20 members of a group can receive loan. (Group responsibility)
   Field workers take important role for repayment; empower the group formation, regular meeting etc…

4. Case study in Tanzania about micro credit;
In Dodoma and Kibaha (Near Dar), poor areas,

4-1. Who implements the programme?
Two mainstream organizations who are taking on disabled people directory for the first time.
   - Dodoma; Moshi University College of Cooperative Business studies (MUCCoBS), specialists in community development
   - Kibaha: SIDO (Small Industries Development Organization)- a parastatal (belong government but can independent budget, salary too) under the Ministry of Industries specialized in appropriate technology.

4-2. How does the programme work?
   - Micro-credit programme using the group guaranteed loan method
   - Group of five disabled people or parents of mentally disabled children, grantee each other's loan
   - Start at Tsh 50000(35$) and go up to Tsh 300000(230$) through successive loans
   - No member can get another loan until the others have all repaid the previous one

4-3: What kind of business do they get loans for?
   - Trading: charcoal, vegetables, second hand clothes, fish, groundnuts, building supplies,
   - Production; Hair-dye, and dress making, tailoring, making mats, embroidery, carving
   - Services: hair dressing, selling phone cards, stone shine, tea shop, , store repairs
   - Agriculture; Livestock, Vegetable gardening

Q1. Why agriculture little?
   - Risk, sick of plant, and dry land…
   - Not everyday income, (system have to return back money weekly)
   - Etc…
Q2. What they need?
   - Skill training
   - Investment
   - But food is important,

4-3. How do the group works?
・They meet weekly in centers.
・Each group has an elected leader who is responsible for seeing that loans are repaid on time.
・Each center is visited weekly by programms credit officer, who keeps track of everything, arranges the payment of ・the loans and receives the repayment installments.

4-4.Some basic fact and figures from the programme
[DODOMA] 195 in six centers, 85% women, 15% men,
[KIBAGA] 200 registered for training 168, 50% men, 50% women
Repayment rate 97%

4-5.Do they get any training?
They receive training in business management and in community development.

4-6.What are the main achievement of the programmes?
   - Mainstream organizations, after initial hesitation, have embraced the idea of working directory with disabled people.
   - Income has increased for those who have stayed with the programme
   - This income has been spent mainly on education for their children.
(Benefits; 60% parents/ 40% PWDs)
   - Group formation has fostered the concept pf community development
   - The programme has raised the profile of disabled people in their community
   - It has given them confidence and raised their self-esteem


5. Case study in Delhi : (India have strong culture for social action)
Saving group: each one pays money for saving for the own purpose;

6. Micro credit

You can start with biggest amounts Reliance on outside money
Clear rules laid down by agency Cannot be used peak expenditures
Promote group unity? Can also lead to conflict?
Can lead to community development Require more preparation
Can set up business immediately Success of the groups depend on quality of the credit officer
Less responsibilities

* separate the role of CBR worker and Credit officer

7. Saving

Only have to save a little each week. Small money
Interest is low, especially by comparison with money leaders Have to wait your turn
Learn skills by managing own money No men? (Priority is who?)
Enforces planning ahead
Good for social networks
Can develop own rules and be flexible
Accessible to be able to start small businesses
No collateral required

8. Social protection
   ・Social security as a controversial issue
   ・Informal system:
   - Family
   - SHGs
   - Merry-go-round
   - DPO; CBR is support them to push advocacy. (his story; DPO told that don't give specific expert / organization, they must give DPO…)

9. Conclusion
   ・Suggestions for further reading
   ・What have you learnt?
   ・Practical action
     What will I do?
     (1) At least, promote Saving-skim in CBR project
      - Set SHG with PWDs and families with PWDs
      - Start to collect small amount for saving system.
      - Introduce good practice.
     (2) Looking for the resources in Syria (Probably limited of resources such NGOs' programmes, but there are some skims for micro-credit.)
     (3) There are some programmes for Community development, woman empowerment, and poverty persons, but all sectors are less cooperation now. (specially micro-credit). We try to recommend that the points of mainstream for disabled people working together. (cross sectoral cooperation, if possible)
     (4) Recommend and introduce the good systems (the system of following up, training of credit officer, good-practices) in MOLSA and other sectors which related our networking.
     (5) Pray to Allah…

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Disability and Inclusive Development
Leonard Chesire International