CBR and Livelihood
By Peter Coleridge
(the first day)

1. Key-concept
�Why is "work" important for PWDs?
�The formal and informal economy
�Rural and Urban
�Legislation
I�ndividual choice
�Equality
�Access
�Mainstreaming
�Criteria for good practice

2. Practice: group discussion
Question1: Why is economic empowerment for PWDs important?
　　　- Poverty
　　　- Self-value, Self-esteem, self-confidence, self-reliance, dignity
　　　- Keeping position within family, needs of family, providing to the family.
　　　- A part of community participation
　　　- In absence of social welfare,
　　　- Working is a natural desire in everybody
　　　- If PWDs are working in the community, it is rising awareness/ give good impression same as others
　　　- Etc…
Question2: What are the main obstacles to disabled people getting into work?
　　　- Lack of skill (technical, communication, management, literacy, accounting)
　　　- Exclusion from community, school and other basic accesses
　　　-　　 Physical barriers, environmental barriers
　　　- Lack of support from families
　　　- Capitalist system is non-inclusive
　　　- Lack of confidence
　　　- Lack of motivation
　　　- Low status
　　　- Lack of investment to start business
　　　- Lack of comprehensive policies and enforcement
　　　- Culture of charity disabled people should not work
　　　- Social protection may be preferable for the PWDs.
　　　- Etc..

What are the main legal instruments which entitle disabled people to work?
(Ex, the ILO definition of decent work)
Question 3. What is the difference between the formal and informal economy?
Formal:
Contract-based, legal aspect, registered for tax
Benefits; social security, health insurance, other services, etc…
Informal:
Small farming, shoe shining, pretty tiding, selling food, children working,
Smuggling, trafficking , car washing, etc…
No registered based,

3. Case study real story in Uganda; (Mr.David)
David (42, Polio, married with eight children)
　　　- His mother insisted him to join school, unless his father rejected. The school is far away. Secondary school, Tutorial college (diploma; book keeping and secretarial work)
　　　- He has strong motivation for working other disabled people in his town, but he didn't find job.
　　　- He trained as veterinary technician at University sponsored by a local NGO
　　　- Self-employment vet technician
　　　- Set out mobilize disabled people on his own bicycle to identify families with disabled people. (Not only focus individuals)
　　　- After breed good quality cows, goats, pigs, turkey and chicken, and to train disabled people and their families in better animal husbandry.
　　　- He gave animals to these families the first step, which could then be given to another family.
　　　- He was forming the association with 13 members (disabled persons and families), and step by step they increased member over 500.
　　　- Set the rule in association for collecting the small membership fee.
　　　- He realized that it is important to set the model farm and training place for them, and he did with members without donors.
　　　- Recently, one international organization started to take an interest in the work.
　　　- Training center was expanded the role, recently, they train the way of agriculture and irrigation system even though wheelchair users.
　　　- Uganda is the only countries in the world where disabled people are present all levels of government, and he is on the district counsel.
　　　- His family supports him very well and their expenses are from the vet job.

4. Lesson learnt from case study in Uganda
�David identified the most obvious source of income for rural faming families; livestock, not hand-craft
�He works with families, not with individuals
�He acts as a role model for PWDs
�He has a large vision, but started small
�He works by demonstration
�He has linked disability to other development issues
�He has attended the notice of people in main stream development who have never linked their work with disabled people.

5. Skill development; (categorized)
Types of skills
　　　- Foundation; literacy, counting, primary education, …
　　　- Technical;
　　　- Business: Entrepreneurial skill, management, leadership, advocacy,
　　　- Life skill: to have self-confidence, QOL, life-management, communication, leadership, advocacy
�Attitude-Knowledge-Skill
�Home based training
�Apprenticeship
�Vocational training in centers
Entrepreneurial skill:
　　　- Good management; communication, leadership
　　　- Planning,
　　　- Marketing, Marketing research,
　　　- Book keeping,
　　　- Stock keeping, etc…
6. Case story real story in Malawi/ India
(Through some good practices, we also discuss the difference of culture, value of works, the condition of family etc…)

7. Waged Employment
�Raise awareness about the work potential rights to work of disabled people
�Enable disabled people to find and keep jobs
�Build links with employers
�Job matching & job analysis

8. Case study real story in Lebanon (Munir)
Mr. Munir (Blind by meals at 1and 1/2, not married, live in Tripoli with his family, and have very positive attitude towards him)
　　　" At 9, He went to Blind School in Beirut until 18, and still limited the social relationship with others
　　　" At first he worked packing food's company, and then Tripoli Communication Company.
　　　" Then he moved FHO (Friend of the Handicapped) as coordinator of the White taxi programme. (This programme was operated by FHO to provide transport to disabled people)
　　　" Since 1995, has worked at the electricity company as a telephone operator.
　　　" His interests are in computing and teaching blind people how to use them, and he can handle all Microsoft programme with Jaws. In addition he has own computer in his home.
　　　" His salary is enough (mean middle class)
　　　" Company also very positive attitude to him, and they set his schedule at peak time.
　　　" He has many friend and everybody like him (FOH, The staff of company)
" He is eager to work other blind children through FOH, because he thinks that is important to learn Braille and computer skill in early ages.
　　　" He would like to move a job which more interesting an which use a computer but it is difficult to persuade his company.
　　　" He rejects to work by white cane like traditional style, and prefer to work with my friend. And reject talking watch, too.
　　　" It was lobbying from FOH that persuaded the electricity company to take PWDs.
Lesson learnt from case study in Lebanon (Munir)
(Group discussion)
　　　- Munir has good skills for job and communications with others (technical skill and communication skills with others)
　　　- FOH has strong lobbying to other levels (company, community, etc…)
　　　- He has good motivation for other blind people. (teach Braille, computer)
　　　- His job is lower than his ability.
　　　- Company understands and respect his ability of job and dealing with other non-PWDs' staffs.
　　　- He is good role morel for person with Blind.
　　　- (One participant told the opinion:) Is he independent? He refused to use white cane, and have to walk with others and he lives with families.
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Then our discussion was;
What is the meaning of independent?
a) Living alone, walking alone etc…
or
b) he decides walks with friends,
the culture of Muslim society…